变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术前设计及临床意义

目的:探讨变异髋臼初次全髋人工关节置换术中髋臼假体的正确放置位置及手术疗效。方法:对34例(38髋)接受全髋关节置换的髋臼变异的各类髋关节疾病进行术前设计,其中男20例,女14例,平均年龄56.1岁(29~75岁)。股骨头坏死继发骨性关节炎15例(19髋),髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎12例,创伤性骨关节炎5例,髋关节融合术后1例,髋关节人工股骨头置换术后1例。结果:术后患者均获得随访,平均随访11个月(5~38个月)。根据Harris髋关节功能评分评定,优(>90分)12髋,良(80~90分)23髋,尚可(70~79分)3髋,失败0髋(<70分)。评定结果:术前Harris评分平均47.9分,术后平均90.3分。结论:对于髋臼解剖结构异常的髋关节疾病患者行全髋人工关节置换时,通过术前对髋臼正确位置的设计,使髋关节中心置于正确的位置上,既可简化术中操作的难度,又可以使臼杯假体得到牢固固定及良好的骨覆盖,有利于人工全髋关节的长期疗效。     

经皮耳迷走神经刺激干预功能性消化不良模型大鼠的效应及机制研究

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and its possible mechanism of the intervention of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for the functional dyspepsia (FD) model rats.MethodsOf the 25 male SD rats, 6 rats were set as blank group, the other 19 rats were established to be the functional dyspepsia (FD) model by iodoacetamide intragastric administration, and 18 FD models were successfully established. The 18 model rats were randomly divided into a model group, a sham-taVNS group, and taVNS group, with 6 rats in each group. There was no intervention applied to the rats in the blank and model groups. Whereas, the rats in sham-taVNS group received stimulation to the rim of auricular concha of both sides, and those in taVNS group received stimulation to the cavity of auricular concha of both sides, for 30 min each time, once a day, 7 days in succession. After the intervention, the gastric sensitivity of the rats in each group under different pressure conditions in the stomach, the expressions of serum brain-gut peptide motilin (MTL), cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-likepeptide1 (GLP-1), and inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β were detected.Results(1) Gastric sensitivity: compared with the blank group, the gastric sensitivity of the model group was higher (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the gastric sensitivity of the taVNS group was lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, the gastric sensitivity of the taVNS group was lower (P <0.05).(2) Expression of brain-gut peptide: compared with the blank group, MTL was lower, CCK and GLP-1 were higher in the model group (all P <0.05). Compared with the model group, MTL was higher, CCK and GLP-1 were lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, CCK and GLP-1 were lower in the taVNS group (both P<0.05). (3)Expression of inflammatory factors: compared with the blank group, IL-4 and IL-10 were lower and IL-1β was higher in the model group (all P <0.05). Compared with the model group, IL-10 was higher and IL-1β was lower in the sham-taVNS group (all P <0.05), while IL-4 and IL-10 were higher and IL-1β was lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher and IL-1β was lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05).ConclusionTaVNS can reduce the gastric sensitivity of FD model rats by peripheral anti-inflammatory action and regulating the abnormal secretion of brain-gut peptide.     

三棱火针加拔罐治疗腘窝囊肿30例

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of the fire needling with the three-edged needle and the cupping on popliteal cyst.MethodsA total of 60 patients of popliteal cyst were divided into two groups, 30 cases in each one according to the random number table. In the fire needling group, the burnt-red three-edged needle was inserted to the deep layer of the cyst. After the fluid was squeezed out, the cupping was exerted. The treatment was given 1 to 2 times a week, for 4 weeks totally. In the western medication group, prednisolone acetate 25 mg was injected in the cyst capsule, once a week, for 4 weeks totally. The effective rate, recurrence rate and Rauschning–Lindgren grading were evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsThe total effective rate was 80.0% in the fire needling group and was 83.3% in the western medication group, without statistical significance in comparison (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate was 6.7% in the fire needling group and was 30% in the western medication group. The recurrence rate in the fire needling group was lower than that in the western medication group, indicating the statistical significance (P < 0.05). After treatment, Rauschning–Lindgren grade was different statistically as compared with that before treatment in either group (both P < 0.05). Rauschning–Lindgren grade was distributed in 0 to I in the fire needling group after treatment, which was different significantly as compared with the western medication group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe combined treatment with the fire needling combined with cupping therapy achieves the satisfactory effect on popliteal cyst and the very low recurrence rate and it is easy in operation and deserves to be promoted in primary care.     

中医骨折三期治疗对家兔骨折骨膜组织中VEGF及VEGF mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究中医骨折三期治则对家兔桡骨骨折愈合过程中内外骨膜及骨髓组织VEGF及VEGFmRNA表达的影响,探讨中药治疗骨折的分期治疗的合理性。方法:140只雄性新西兰白兔,无菌状态下手术,在家兔双侧桡骨下1/3段,造成3mm完全骨质缺损的骨折愈合模型。采用计算机产生随机数字的方法,将家兔随机均分为4组:中药三期治疗组、中药一期治疗组、阳性药物对照组以及模型对照组,分别给予三期治疗、一期治疗、阳性药物治疗以及等量蒸馏水。于术后3、6、9、14、28、42、56d每组随机处死5只家兔,取左侧桡骨标本作为观察对象,采用免疫组化和原位杂交方法检查外骨膜、内骨膜和骨髓组织中VEGF及VEGFmRNA表达,通过图像分析测量各种组织中VEGF及VEGFmRNA表达强度。结果:各中药治疗组对于术后骨折端外骨膜、内骨膜和骨髓组织VEGF和VEGFmRNA表达均有促进作用,三期治疗组有高于其他三组的趋势(P0.05)。结论:中药分期治疗对骨折愈合过程中外骨膜、内骨膜和骨髓组织VEGF及VEGFmRNA表达的促进作用更加明显,骨折分期治疗是必要的。     

股骨头坏死误诊现状及分析

探讨股骨头坏死误诊的主要原因,有利于减少其误诊及漏诊的发生率,提高股骨头坏死的诊断水平。本文分析近15年国内有关股骨头坏死误诊文献。对易与股骨头坏死混淆的9种疾病进行鉴别分析。股骨头坏死早期易误诊为其它疾病;而股骨头坏死中晚期的一些症状、体征及影像表现与一些疾病相似,易将这些疾病误诊为股骨头坏死。髋关节疾病病理改变的不同始发部位,在相应的影像异常表现有各自不同的特异性表现。     

穴位埋线配合隔姜灸治疗周围性面瘫后遗症及其对表面肌电图的影响

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut embedding combined with ginger-separated moxibustion for sequelae of peripheral facial paralysis and whether surface electromyography (sEMG) can be an outcome to evaluate the effect of this disease.MethodsThirty-five patients with sequelae of peripheral facial paralysis were treated with catgut embedding at the acupoints selected according to their individual symptoms and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) differentiated syndromes. At the same time, the ginger-separated moxibustion was applied at Yīfēng (翳风 TE17) and Qiānzhèng (牵正 EX-HN16) of the affected side. The catgut embedding was applied once every 15 days, one time of treatment is of one course, and a total of three courses were given. The moxibustion would be taken after 5 days of catgut embedding each time, once every other day, 5 times as one course, a total of 3 courses are given. After treatment, the recovery of facial nerve functions was evaluated by House–Brackmann (H-B) facial nerve function evaluation grading system. Before and after treatment, the surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to detect the root-mean-square (RMS) of frontal muscles, cheek muscles, and orbicularis oris muscles to compare the RMS ratio of these muscles of affected side and healthy side.ResultsAfter 3 courses of treatment, 9 cases were cured, 22 cases were effective, and 4 cases were ineffective. The total effective rate was 88.6% (31/35). After treatment, the RMS of frontal muscles, cheek muscles, and orbicularis oris muscles of the affected side were 31.56±4.25, 34.13±4.28, and 7.46±1.53 respectively, significantly increased in comparing with 11.69±2.45, 12.98±3.34, and 2.62±1.41 respectively before treatment (all P<0.05). After treatment, the RMS ratios of frontal muscles, cheek muscles, and orbicularis oris muscles of the affected side and healthy side were 0.73±0.09, 0.71±0.11, and 0.68±0.08 respectively, greatly increased in comparing with 0.28±0.10, 0.27±0.08, and 0.22±0.09 respectively before treatment (all P<0.05).ConclusionAcupoint catgut embedding and ginger-separated moxibustion in combination can significantly improve the facial nerve functions, and sEMG used for evaluating the therapeutic effect can objectively reflect the effect of treatment.     

聚合酶链反应与分离培养技术检测结核分支杆菌诊断关节结核的对照研究

目的：研究聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术在关节结核标本结核分支杆菌检测方面的作用,探讨PCR技术对关节结核诊断的临床价值。方法：自1993年6月至2001年8月,对95例（男55例,女40例;年龄2～75岁）关节结核标本分别应用PCR技术和分离培养法盲法检测结核分支杆菌,计算两者检测阳性率,通过统计学处理进行比较。结果：95例关节结核标本结核分支杆菌检测中,PCR技术检测阳性78例,阴性17例,阳性率82％;分离培养法检测阳性15例,阴性80例,P13性率16％。PCR技术与分离培养法比较,Х^2=67,P〈0．001,两种方法对于关节结核标本结核分支杆菌的检出率比较差异有统计学意义。PCR扩增整个过程自动化控制,可在数小时内完成。结论：PCR技术检测关节结核标本具有快速、简便、敏感与特异等优点,明显优于分离培养,对关节结核的早期快速诊断与鉴别诊断具有较重要的临床价值。     

踝关节跖屈、背屈运动的研究

目的:研究Pilon骨折在治疗中评价踝关节功能,诊断下胫腓联合分离、踝关节前后脱位的影像学依据。方法:35例正常成人,男21例(42踝),女14例(28踝);年龄21-48岁,平均31.6岁。踝关节常规摄正、侧位X线片;测量踝关节主动跖屈、背屈运动的最大角度,下胫腓联合间隙的宽度,胫骨外侧与腓骨的胫侧重叠影宽度,距骨踝关节面几何中心偏离胫骨中轴线的距离。结果:跖屈主动运动的最大角度,男(40.8°±3.1°),女(43.9°±4.8°);背屈主动运动的最大角度,男(27.6°±5.2°),女(26.5°±6.1°)。下胫腓联合间隙的宽度平均(3.2±0.5)mm。胫骨外侧与腓骨的胫侧重叠影宽度平均(6.9±2.2)mm。踝关节的跖屈下胫腓联合有逐渐变窄的变化,平均2 mm。距骨中心中轴距:男性跖屈最大值2.4 mm、背屈2.5 mm,女性跖屈最大值1.9 mm、背屈2.0 mm,最小值均为0 mm。结论:男女之间无论是背屈还是跖屈均无显著性差异(P>0.05),即踝关节在运动灵活性上无性别差异。踝关节主动跖屈、背屈运动的最大角度为Pilon骨折术中踝关节功能评定提供参考,下胫腓联合宽度>3.5 mm为下胫腓联合分离,胫骨外侧与腓骨的胫侧重叠影宽度<5.5 mm时,有下胫腓联合分离的可能。距骨中心中轴距>2 mm提示踝关节前后脱位。Pilon骨折在恢复骨折解剖复位的同时要注意这两个指标,对于恢复踝关节的侧方稳定、前后方向稳定有重要意义,能指导踝关节骨折治疗和康复。